| Backend layout | One application with standalone and multi-role modes; logs, metrics, and traces share the columnar data plane. | Grafana for visualization with Loki for logs, Mimir for metrics, Tempo for traces, and Pyroscope for profiles. |
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| Query model | SQL across columnar telemetry plus a documented PromQL subset for metrics. | Specialized query languages and APIs, including LogQL, PromQL, TraceQL, and profile queries. |
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| Cross-signal path | Investigation frames preserve tenant, time, service, trace, and profile context across drill-downs. | Grafana links backends through data sources, derived fields, exemplars, and native integrations. |
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| Profiles | Profiles are a first-class product route with pprof, Pyroscope-compatible, and OTLP Profiles intake. | Grafana Pyroscope is a dedicated continuous-profiling database integrated with Grafana and the other stack components. |
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| Operations | A smaller role set with Postgres, object storage, and local WAL state on intake nodes. | Each selected backend has its own deployment, scaling, retention, upgrade, and availability model. |
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| Change management | One product version, one role model, and one primary operational runbook. | Grafana, Loki, Mimir, Tempo, Pyroscope, data sources, and plugins evolve on independent release paths. |
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